The study of a modern language entails acquiring a language system and applying it in four active and interrelated ways: through listening, speaking, reading and writing. These four skills involve exchanging ideas and effective communication. Effective communication, in turn, involves the intellectual process of understanding how ideas can best be expressed to the audience concerned. Understanding ideas, and expressing them clearly and convincingly, demands an awareness of the cultural characteristics of the audience.

At both higher level and standard level, a successful language B student should not only learn and assimilate basic language structures but should also be able to use the language in a range of situations and purposes for which and in which the language is used. These situations extend to the domains of work, social relationships and, at higher level, may include the discussion of abstract ideas. The range of texts and material that is used and the specific audiences who are addressed determine the type of language needed for these different situations and purposes. In short, the language B student learns the “rules of the game”—how to communicate effectively in a number of situations and within the culture(s) where the language is spoken.